Today I launched semantic.cv.
You write your CV once as structured data (schema.org JSON-LD) and publish it as a web page, an ATS-friendly PDF and a designed PDF. There have been structured CV formats before, JSON Resume being the best known, but I wanted one built on schema.org, with a workflow all the way to a published CV.
My own CV is built with it now. It took a few weeks of work and a lot of iteration.
It's live at https://semantic.cv